ABSTRACT
La infección persistente por ciertos tipos de alto riesgo oncogénico de virus papiloma humano (VPHAR) es el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de cuello uterino y sus lesiones precursoras. Los VPHAR inducen alteraciones moleculares durante todo el proceso de carcinogénesis cervical, que provocan la acumulación de errores genéticos, con la consecuente inestabilidad genética y transformación maligna. Estas alteraciones son producidas por la acción directa de las oncoproteínas virales E6 y E7 sobre las principales proteínas celulares supresoras de tumor, p53 y pRb, respectivamente, y pueden ser monitoreadas durante el surgimiento de la lesión neoplásica, mediante el uso de biomarcadores. En este artículo se revisan las últimas tendencias sobre el uso del estudio inmunocitoquímico, como una prueba complementaria a la citología y a la detección y tipificación de VPHAR en la evaluación de la expresión de biomarcadores como la proteína inhibidora de la proliferación celular p16INK4a, marcador único o combinada con otros biomarcadores, que puedan contribuir eficazmente en la detección de las pacientes con mayor riesgo a desarrollar neoplasia del cuello uterino asociada a la infección por VPHAR, durante la pesquisa de cáncer de cuello uterino de rutina y en el manejo clínico adecuado y oportuno.
Persistent infection with certain types of high oncogenic risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main risk factor for developing cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. HR-HPV induces molecular changes during cervical carcinogenesis, causing the accumulation of genetic anomalies, with subsequent genetic instability and malignant transformation. These alterations are produced by the direct action of the E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins on principal tumor cell suppressor proteins, p53 and pRb, respectively, and can be monitored during growth of the neoplastic lesion using biomarkers. In this paper we review the latest trends on the use of immunocytochemistry as a complementary test to cytology and HR-HPV detection and typing in evaluating expression of biomarkers such as the p16INK4a cell proliferation inhibitor protein, as a single marker or combined with other biomarkers, which can contribute effectively to the detection of patients with increased risk of developing cervical neoplasia associated with HR-HPV infection during routine screening for cervical cancer and in appropriate clinical management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Biomarkers, Pharmacological/analysis , Biomarkers, Pharmacological/blood , Epithelial Cells/chemistry , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Papilloma/etiology , Papilloma/chemistry , Papilloma/blood , Blood Chemical Analysis , Hematology , Immunohistochemistry , Medical OncologyABSTRACT
Immunoperoxidase technique was used as an adjunct to routine Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining to assess the pattern of distribution and intensity of Keratin in Oral epithelial neoplasms. The specimens of papillomas, verrucous carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas were studied. The broadly reactive polyclonal antikeratin antibodies were reacted with formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. The staining of keratin proteins was found to be dependent upon the degree of differentiation of the tumour. It was observed that the pattern of keratin distribution was regular in papillomas while it was disturbed in verrucous carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.